Quantum technologies are rapidly transitioning from theoretical physics to real-world applications, promising to transform cybersecurity, scientific discovery, and computing. For Europe and its transatlantic partners, collaboration has never been more critical.
Understanding Quantum Technology
In a recent Tech Talk, Lindsay Gorman, Managing Director and Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund's technology program, explained what quantum technologies mean for Europe and why international leadership matters.
What Is Quantum Technology?
Quantum technology encompasses a suite of technologies built on fundamental quantum mechanics principles:
- Superposition — Quantum systems existing in multiple states simultaneously
- Entanglement — Quantum particles remaining connected across distances
Transformative Applications
Scientific breakthroughs in quantum mechanics could enable:
✅ Much faster computing — Solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers
✅ More accurate sensing — Precision measurements for navigation, imaging, and detection
✅ Ultra-secure communications — Quantum key distribution that's theoretically unbreakable
The Quantum Computing Race
While quantum computing is still under development, its potential capabilities are driving global attention and investment. These systems could tackle computational problems that today's most powerful supercomputers cannot solve.
But this power comes with significant risks.
The Cryptographic Challenge
Quantum computing poses a unique threat to modern cybersecurity:
"Quantum computers could literally break modern encryption. And that's why it's really a race for who gets there first." — Lindsay Gorman
The Threat
Today's cryptographic systems, which secure everything from bank transactions to government communications, could become vulnerable to quantum attacks.
The Solution: Post-Quantum Cryptography
The good news: scientists are already developing post-quantum cryptography standards designed to resist quantum attacks. However:
⚠️ Governments and industries must accelerate adoption to make their systems quantum-safe before quantum computers become powerful enough to break current encryption.
Transatlantic Collaboration: A Success Story
Many foundational advances in quantum science and post-quantum cryptography stem from close transatlantic cooperation:
European Contributions
European researchers have made significant scientific contributions to post-quantum cryptography standards issued by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
US Investment in Europe
US companies, including Microsoft, are investing in Europe-based quantum labs, fostering innovation ecosystems on both continents.
European Innovation Going Global
French companies exemplify this collaboration:
- Stella & Bob — Contributing to DARPA's Quantum Benchmarking Initiative
- Pasqal — Commercializing quantum technology globally
The quantum story is inherently global — one of shared progress rather than isolated national efforts.
Four Priorities for Transatlantic Technology Cooperation
Looking to the future, Lindsay Gorman identifies four critical priorities:
1. Quantum Science and Standardization
Deepening scientific collaboration on quantum technologies and aligning on technical standards.
2. Innovation Ecosystems for Collective Defense
Building collaborative frameworks that strengthen security for democratic nations.
3. AI Governance Alignment
Ensuring Europe and its partners take coordinated approaches to artificial intelligence regulation.
4. Biotech Partnerships
Accelerating collaboration on biotechnology research and commercialization.
The Path Forward
Only by working together can Europe and its transatlantic partners ensure that quantum and other technological breakthroughs:
- Serve democratic values - Advance shared prosperity - Strengthen security - Promote innovation
Lindsay Gorman's Advice
"Don't let our differences get in the way of what we do share and the opportunities that we have together."
Why It Matters for Europe
Quantum technologies represent a defining moment for European technological leadership. By:
- Maintaining strong transatlantic scientific partnerships
- Accelerating post-quantum cryptography adoption
- Investing in quantum research and commercialization
- Aligning standards and governance frameworks
...Europe can help shape a quantum future that reflects democratic values and shared prosperity.
Source: Microsoft EU Policy Blog — December 10, 2025