DNS Records Overview

March 5, 2024 Info

DNS (Domain Name System) records are used to control how a domain’s Internet traffic is directed. Here's a list of common DNS record types, each serving a specific purpose:

1. A (Address) Record: Maps a domain to the physical IP address of a computer hosting that domain’s services.

2. AAAA (Quad-A) Record: Similar to an A record, but it maps a domain to the IPv6 address of the computer hosting the domain’s services.

3. CNAME (Canonical Name) Record: Redirects one domain to another domain, allowing multiple DNS records to map to the same IP address.

4. MX (Mail Exchange) Record: Directs email to a mail server. The MX record specifies the mail server responsible for accepting email messages on behalf of a domain.

5. TXT (Text) Record: Allows administrators to insert arbitrary text into a DNS record. Often used for email security protocols such as SPF (Sender Policy Framework), DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail), and DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance).

6. NS (Name Server) Record: Specifies the servers that will answer queries for a domain. It points to the DNS servers responsible for a domain.

7. PTR (Pointer) Record: The opposite of an A or AAAA record; it maps an IP address to a domain name. It’s primarily used for reverse DNS lookups.

8. SRV (Service) Record: Specifies information about available services. It provides the hostname and the port number for specific services, such as VoIP (Voice over IP), LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), and others.

9. CAA (Certificate Authority Authorization) Record: Specifies which certificate authorities (CAs) are allowed to issue certificates for a domain, enhancing security by restricting which CAs can issue certificates for your domain.

10. SOA (Start of Authority) Record: Provides information about a domain and the zone that the domain is in, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and timers relating to refreshing the zone.

11. DNSKEY (DNS Key) Record: Part of DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions), it holds the public key that a DNS resolver uses to verify DNSSEC signatures.

12. DS (Delegation Signer) Record: Also part of DNSSEC, it is used to secure the delegation from a parent zone to a child zone, ensuring the child zone’s DNSKEY is authenticated.

13. NAPTR (Naming Authority Pointer) Record: Used in dynamic environments like VoIP, it specifies rules for rewriting domain names based on regular expressions. It’s often used in conjunction with SRV records.

14. HINFO (Host Information) Record: Provides basic information about a host, such as the CPU type and operating system. It’s rarely used due to privacy concerns.

Each of these record types plays a crucial role in the infrastructure of the internet, directing traffic, securing communications, and ensuring the correct servers handle specific types of requests.

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